Me gustaría recomendar algunos libros y artículos sobre Cardiología Deportiva, disciplina cada vez más importante en nuestra sociedad:

Libros:

1. Cardiología en el deporte. Revisión de casos clínicos basados en la evidencia. 2ª edición. Elsevier Masson. Editado por J. Ricardo Serra Grima. 2008.

Artículos:

1. King G, Wood MJ. The right ventricle of the elite high endurance athlete cannot be understimated. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2012;25:272-273.
2. La Gerche A, Burns AT, D’Hooge J, et al. Exercise strain rate imaging demonstrates normal right ventricular contractile reserve and clarifies ambiguous resting measures in endurance athletes. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2012;25:253-262.
3. Oxborough D, Sharma S, Shave R, et al. The right ventricle of the endurance athlete: the relationship between morphology and deformation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2012;25:263-271.
4. Kim JH, Malhotra R, Chiampas G, et al. Cardiac arrest during long-distance running races. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 130-140.
5. Albano A, Thompson PD and Kapur NK. Acute coronary thrombosis in Boston marathon runners.  N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 184-185.
6. Uberoi A, Stein R, Perez MV, et al. Interpretation of the elctrocardiogram of young athletes. Circulation 2011;124:746-757.
7. George KP, Warburton DER, Oxborough D, et al. Upper limits of physiological cardiac adaptation in ultramarathon runners. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:754-755.
8. Oomah SR, Mousavi N, Bhullar N, et al. The role of three-dimensional echocardiography in the assessment of right ventricular dysfunction after a half marathon: comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2011;24:207-213.
9. Trivax JE, Franklin BA, Goldstein JA, et al. Acute cardiac effects of marathon running. J Appl Physiol 2010;108:1148-1453.
10. Chimenti L, Morici G, Paterno A, et al. Bronchial epithelial damage after a half-marathon in nonasthmatic amateur runners. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010;298:L857-862.
11. Gielen S, Schuler G and Adams V. Cardiovascular effects of exercise training. Molecular mechanisms. Circulation 2010;122:1221-1238.
12. Sedehi D, Ashley EA. Defining the limits of athlete’s heart. Implications for screening in diverse populations. Circulation 2010;121:1066-1608.
13. Rawlins J, Carre F, Kervio, et al. Ethnic differences in physiological cardiac adaptation to intense physical exercise in highly trained female athletes. Circulation 2010;121.1078-1085.
14. Corrado D, Pelliccia A, Heidbuchel H, et al. Recommendations for interpretation of 12-lead electrocardiogram in the athlete. Eur Heart J 2010;31:243-259.
15. Mont LL. Arrhythmias and sport practice. Heart 2010;96:398-405.
16. Maron BJ, Doerer JJ, Haas TS, et al. Sudden deaths in young competititve athletes: analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States, 1980-2006. Circulation 2009;119:1085-1092.
17. Gimeno JR, Tomé-Esteban M, Lofiego C, et al. Execise-induced ventricular arrhythmias and risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.  Eur Heart J 2009;30:2599-2605.
18. Johnson JN and Ackerman MJ. QTc: how long is too long? Br J Sports Med 2009;43:657-662.
19. Corrado D, Basso C, Schiavon M, et al. Pre-participation screening of young competitive athletes for prevention of sudden cardiac death. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52:1981-1989.
20. Pelliccia A, Zipes DP and Maron BJ. Bethesda conference 36 and the European Society of Cardiology consensus recommendations revisited. A comparison of U.S. and European criteria for eligibility and disqualification of competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52:1990-1996.
21. Maron BJ, Thompson PD, Ackerman MJ, et al. Recommendations and considerations related to preparticipation screening for cardiovascular abnormalities in competitive athletes: 2007 Update: A scientific statement from the American Heart Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism: Endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation 2007;115:1643-1655.
22. Pellicia A, Corrado D, Bjornstad HH, et al. Recommendations for participation in competitive sport and leisure-time physical activity in individuals with cardiomyopathies, myocarditis and pericarditis. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2006;13:876-885.
23. Maron BJ, Zipes DP. 36th Bethesda conference: elegibility recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:2-64.
24. Pellicia A, Fagard R, Bjornstad HH, et al. Recommendations for competitive sports participation in athletes with cardiovascular disease. A consensus document from the Studym Group of Sports Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology, and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial diseases of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2005;26:1422-1445.
25. Colivicchi F, Ammirati F and Santini M. Epidemiology and prognostic implications of syncope in young competing athletes. Eur Heart J 2004;25:1749-1753.
26. Heidbuchel H, Hoogsteen J, Fagard R, et al. High prevalence of right ventricular involvement in endurance athletes with ventricular arrhythmias. Role of an electrophysiologic study in risk stratification. Eur Heart J 2003;24:1473-1480.
27. Biffi A, Pelliccia A, Verdile L, et al. Long-term clinical significance of frequent and complex ventricular tachyarrhythmias in trained athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:446-452.

La cardiología aplicada al deporte tiene los siguientes objetivos prioritarios:

1-Educar a la población general de los efectos favorables del ejercicio físico regular sobre el aparato cardiovascular y en la identificación de aquellos síntomas que puedan sugerir un aumento del riesgo cardiovascular.

2-Estudiar las modificaciones cardiovasculares producidas por el entrenamiento de modo que se identifiquen las variaciones que sobrepasan los límites fisiológicos, cuyo primer efecto sería la disminución del rendimiento.

3-Diagnosticar aquellas enfermedades cardiológicas o cardiopatías que puedan condicionar la práctica deportiva. El riesgo cardivascular, incluida la muerte súbita, no constituye un accidente imprevisible. Los datos clínicos y las exploraciones complementarias permiten identificar una gran parte de las causas de riesgo cardiovascular con el ejercicio físico.

4-Prescribir pautas para la realización de ejercicio para la población general, el deportista afectado de algún problema y el deportista de élite.

Dres. Stephan Gielen, Gerhard Schuler and Volker Adams

Circulation 2010; 122: 1221-1238.